Op-Amp Differentiator
Applications of Operational Amplifiers in Tamil
Differentiator
- A circuit that performs mathematical differentiation of input signal is called differentiator.
- The differentiator may be constructed from a basic inverting amplifier if an input resistor R1 is replaced by a capacitor C1.
Differentiator
- Since the differentiator performs the reverse of the integrator function. Thus the output V0 is equal to RF C1 times the negative rate of change of the input voltage Vin with time.
- The –sign indicates a 180o phase shift of the output waveform V0 with respect to the input signal.
- The gain of the circuit (RF /XC1) R with R in frequency at a rate of 20dB/decade. This makes the circuit unstable. Also input impedance XC1s with R in frequency which makes the circuit very susceptible to high frequency noise.
Basic differentiator
Frequency response of Differentiator
fa = frequency at which the gain is 0dB and is given by
- Both stability and high frequency noise problems can be corrected by the addition of two components. R1 and CF. This circuit is a practical differentiator.
- From Frequency fa to feedback the gain Rs at 20dB/decade after feedback the gain S at 20dB/decade. This 40dB/decade change in gain is caused by the R1C1 and RFCF combinations. The gain limiting frequency fb is given by,
Where R1C1 = RF CF
R1C1 and RF CF help to reduce the effect of high frequency input, amplifier noise and offsets.
All R1C1 and RF CF make the circuit more stable by preventing the R in gain with frequency.
The input signal will be differentiated properly, if the time period T of the input signal is larger than or equal to RF C1 (i.e) T > RF C1 generally, the value of Feedback and in turn R1C1 and RF CF values should be selected such that,
RF C1 >> R1 C1
- A workable differentiator can be designed by implementing the following steps.
- Select fa equal to the highest frequency of the input signal to be differentiated then assuming a value of C1 < 1μf. Calculate the value of RF.
- Choose fb = 20fa and calculate the values of R1 and CF so that R1 C1 = RF CF.
Uses:
- It is used in wave shaping circuits to detect high frequency components in an input signal and also as a rate of change and detector in FM modulators.
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