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python interview questions :131
How to use python to format strings with delimiter into columns?
>>> pairs = map(str.split, text.splitlines())
>>> max_len = max(len(pair[0]) for pair in pairs)
>>> info = '\n'.join('{key:<{indent}}{val}'.format(key=k,
indent=max_len + 2,
val=v) for k, v in pairs)
>>> print info
abc: 234234
aadfa: 235345
bcsd: 992
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>>> import math
>>> info = ["abc: 234234", "aadfa: 235345", "bcsd: 992"]
>>> info = [item.split() for item in info]
>>> maxlen = max([len(item[0]) for item in info])
>>> maxlen = math.ceil(maxlen/8.0)*8
>>> info = [item[0]+" "*(maxlen-len(item[0]))+item[1] for item in info]
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- You can control how the final length is made.
python interview questions :132
How can I get the CPU temperature in Python?
- There's no standard Python library for this, but on various platforms you may be able to use a Python bridge to a platform API to access this information.
- For example on Windows this is available through the Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) APIs, which are available to Python through the PyWin32 library. There is even a Python WMI library which wraps PyWin32 to provide a more convenient interface.
- To get the temperature you'll need to use one of these libraries to access the root/WMI namespace and the MSAcpi_ThermalZone Temperature class. This gives the temperature in tenths of a Kelvin, so you'll need to convert to Celsius by deducting 2732 and dividing by 10.
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python interview questions :133
What is a Python module?
- A module is a Python script that generally contains import statements, functions, classes and variable definitions, and Python runnable code and it “lives” file with a ‘.py’ extension.
- zip files and DLL files can also be modules.Inside the module, you can refer to the module name as a string that is stored in the global variable name .
python interview questions :134
Name the File-related modules in Python?
- Python provides libraries / modules with functions that enable you to manipulate text files and binary files on file system. Using them you can create files, update their contents, copy, and delete files.
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- The libraries are : os, os.path, and shutil.
- Here, os and os.path - modules include functions for accessing the filesystem shutil - module enables you to copy and delete the files.
python interview questions :135
Explain the use of with statement?
- In python generally “with” statement is used to open a file, process the data present in the file, and also to close the file without calling a close() method. “with” statement makes the exception handling simpler by providing cleanup activities.
- General form of with:with open(“file name”, “mode”) as file-var:processing statements
Note: no need to close the file by calling close() upon file-var.close()
python interview questions :136
Explain all the file processing modes supported by Python ?
- Python allows you to open files in one of the three modes. They are: read-only mode, write-only mode, read-write mode, and append mode by specifying the flags “r”, “w”, “rw”, “a” respectively.
- A text file can be opened in any one of the above said modes by specifying the option “t” along with “r”, “w”, “rw”, and “a”, so that the preceding modes become “rt”, “wt”, “rwt”, and “at”.A binary file can be opened in any one of the above said modes by specifying the option “b” along with “r”, “w”, “rw”, and “a” so that the preceding modes become “rb”, “wb”, “rwb”, “ab”.
python interview questions :137
Explain how to redirect the output of a python script from standout(ie., monitor) on to a file ?
- Open an output file in “write” mode and the print the contents in to that file, using sys.stdout attribute.
import sys
filename = “outputfile” sys.stdout = open() print “testing”
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- you can create a python script say .py file with the contents, say print “testing” and then redirect it to the output file while executing it at the command prompt.
print “Testing”
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python interview questions :138
Explain the shortest way to open a text file and display its contents.?
- The shortest way to open a text file is by using “with” command as follows:
with open("file-name", "r") as fp:
fileData = fp.read()
#to print the contents of the file print(fileData)
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python interview questions :139
How do you create a dictionary which can preserve the order of pairs?
- We know that regular Python dictionaries iterate over <key, value> pairs in an arbitrary order, hence they do not preserve the insertion order of <key, value> pairs.
- Python 2.7. introduced a new “OrderDict” class in the “collections” module and it provides the same interface like the general dictionaries but it traverse through keys and values in an ordered manner depending on when a key was first inserted.
from collections import OrderedDict
d = OrderDict([('Company-id':1),('Company-Name':'Intellipaat')])
d.items() # displays the output as: [('Company-id':1),('Company-Name':'Intellipaat')]
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python interview questions :140
When does a dictionary is used instead of a list?
- Dictionaries - are best suited when the data is labelled, i.e., the data is a record with field names.
- lists - are better option to store collections of un-labelled items say all the files and sub directories in a folder.
- Generally Search operation on dictionary object is faster thansearching a list object.