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Integrated Circuit

IC stands for Integrated Circuit.It's a small device made from semiconductor material. It contains various microscopic elements like transistors, diodes, capacitors and resistors.
All these elements are interconnected and fabricated as one unit on a thin sheet of semiconductor material, particularly silicon.
ICs are used in a spread of devices like microprocessors, audio equipment, television equipment, mobiles, television sets and automobiles.
It's also called as chip or microchip.It had been primarily built with an objective of placing as many transistors as possible on a semiconductor chip.
The first IC or microchip was developed by Jack Kilby in 1958.

Classification

Integrated Circuit-Classification

ICs have undergone several generations of developments.
These subsequent developments made them contain more transistors and other electronic components and accordingly they will be classified as;

Small Scale Integration (SSI) : One to hundred transistors per chip or IC.
Medium Scale Integration (MSI) : IC with Hundreds to thousands of transistors.
Large Scale Integration (LSI) : IC with thousands to several hundred thousand transistors.
Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) : Hundred thousand to at least one million transistors per chip or IC.
Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI) : IC with millions or billions transistors per chip. E.g. computer processor.

An IC also can be classified as; Analogue IC, Digital IC or a mixture of both.