SONAR Full Form | Full Form of SONAR

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Sound Navigation and Ranging

Full Form of SONAR stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging. It’s a way based on sound propagation.
It’s used to navigate, communicate or detect objects under or on the surface of the water using sound propagation.
This technology is useful in exploring and mapping oceans as sound waves travel farther in the water than radar and light-weight waves.
SONAR helps NOAA scientists in developing nautical charts, detect underwater hazards to navigation, mapping of objects on the seafloor like shipwrecks.

Types

SONAR will be of two types: Active and Passive.

Two Types of Sonar

Active SONAR :
- It mainly comprises transmitter and receiver.
- The transmitter generates and transmits high-frequency sound waves towards the target then the receiver receives the vibrations which are reflected back from the target.
- Some sea animals like whales and dolphins use echolocation systems, which is similar to active sonar, to locate predators and prey.
Passive SONAR :
- It's only a receiver to receive the sound waves. So, it only detects noises from underwater objects without transmitting the sound waves towards the targeted object.
- It detects sound waves coming towards the receiver and doesn't produce its own sound waves, which is an advantage for underwater military vessels and scientific missions that don't want to be found.

It’s used to find the school and college of fishes (a group of fishes).
It helps detect submarines (war-ships).
It’s used in scientific applications like water velocity management, wave measurement, biomass estimation etc.
It’s used for navigation purposes and reef monitoring.